Canto slang connects Gen Zers in Hong Kong

In the bustling shopping mall in Hong Kong, where people weave in and out of stores with shopping bags in hand, a unique tapestry of language thrives. 

 Terms like “Kam” (meaning embarrassing situations), “Siu4” (a homophone for “laughing to death” in Cantonese), and “firm” (meaning everything is on the right track) are all part of Hong Kong’s distinctive blend of English and Chinese slang. These expressions are commonly used by young people in Hong Kong.

The use of slang provides an accessible platform for sharing and communication, especially on social media. As a result, online language—particularly slang—has emerged as a powerful tool for teenagers seeking to connect with others and express themselves.

 Ryan Lee, a 20-year-old university student, said using slang phrases gives him a sense of social identity, enabling Gen Zers to integrate into society. 

He recalled not knowing what “Kam” meant when he first heard it and needing an explanation from a friend before he started using it. “I mostly use slang on the internet to express my feelings more easily,” he said. 

 According to the Hong Kong Education City report, most members of Gen Z possess a strong sense of innovation and curiosity. The internet language they use often helps forge a unique identity, allowing them to fulfil different roles, express their creativity and showcase their personalities.

Professor Zhang Ling from the Department of Chinese Language Studies at the Education University of Hong Kong said that students using slang demonstrate a tacit understanding among peers, reducing their psychological distance.

“Every era and district has its own words. I think Hong Kong has promoted its era and district features through slang,” Zhang said.

In the Gen Z culture, slang often involves code-mixing and the simultaneous use of two or more languages in written or spoken conversation. Additionally, there are language abbreviations or shortenings, which combine multiple words or phrases to form a short and easy-to-use word or expression. This method is often used to improve language efficiency, reduce repetition and facilitate smoother communication.

While slang is deeply embedded in Hong Kong society, it reflects the communication needs of its people and serves as a vital tool for expression and connection. 

Gabriel F. Y. Tsang, 36, an assistant professor at the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Hong Kong Baptist University, commented on the naturalness of slang use among Gen Z, which is in line with human needs for diverse methods of expression.

“It is not only inevitable at the intersection of language development and human characteristics, but also allows the younger generation to distinguish themselves from other generations and create their own unique identity,” he said. 

Most slang involves English abbreviations or numbers, incorporating fresh ideas, such as “6uo.” and “1999.” One defining characteristic of slang is its ability to convey meaning with just a few words, which can enlarge the generation gap, especially given the differences from traditional Chinese structures. 

Queenie Hung lives in Taiwan but stays connected with societal trends in Hong Kong through social media and news reports. She operates an Instagram account called Gong Nei Gong Heoi, where she shares content about slang. 

 “As each generation evolves, new slang emerges by incorporating fresh ideas. Undoubtedly, this can contribute to a widening generation gap,” Hung said.

She added that while slang connects Gen Z, it also deepens the divide between the 90s and 00s. She suggested that individuals should stay attuned to trends to avoid being out of touch.  

“A relationship is bidirectional and communication is important for strengthening social relations. Therefore, one side needs to explain patiently, and the other side must be willing to accept new information,” Hung said.